North Africa

Algeria is the largest country in Africa by land area, stretching from the Mediterranean coast to the Sahara Desert. It boasts a rich cultural heritage influenced by Berber, Arab, Ottoman, and French civilizations. The country is a major oil and gas producer and a key player in North African geopolitics.

Egypt is one of the world's oldest civilizations, home to the iconic pyramids, the Sphinx, and ancient temples along the Nile. It is the most populous country in the Arab world and a major cultural and political force in the Middle East and Africa. The Suez Canal remains one of the world's most important waterways for global trade.

Libya is the fourth-largest country in Africa, dominated by the Sahara Desert, with most of its population living along the Mediterranean coast. It holds Africa's largest proven oil reserves and was home to the ancient Greek city of Cyrene and Roman city of Leptis Magna. The country has been in a state of political transition since the 2011 revolution.

Morocco is a North African kingdom blending Arab, Berber, and European influences with a diverse landscape spanning from Saharan dunes to snow-capped Atlas Mountains to Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. Its imperial cities of Marrakech, Fez, Meknes, and Rabat are treasure troves of Islamic architecture and vibrant souks. Morocco is one of Africa's most visited countries and a growing hub for renewable energy.

Sudan sits at the confluence of the Blue and White Nile rivers and was home to the ancient Kingdom of Kush, which rivaled Egypt in power and built more pyramids. It is the third-largest country in Africa after Algeria and the DRC. Sudan possesses extraordinary archaeological heritage that remains largely unexplored by international tourism.

Tunisia is the smallest country in North Africa but punches far above its weight in history and culture. It was the site of ancient Carthage, Rome's greatest rival, and the birthplace of the Arab Spring in 2011. The country offers Mediterranean beaches, Saharan landscapes, and some of the best-preserved Roman mosaics in the world.